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Numerous other Scientologist-run companies and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies using Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - is scientology a religion. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This section needs expansion. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or highly regarded people. Though it has obtained some reliability as a religious beliefs in lots of countries, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a business enterprise.

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For instance, it has actually been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, malicious libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost consistently for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in a web poll run by the presidential transition group getting public input for the incoming administration. define scientology.

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State Department has actually criticized Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated lawfully as a go to these guys company, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who attempt to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and dedicated among the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal activity devoted by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No person or company was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past utilized aggressive tactics in addressing those it sees as attempting to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first outlined by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy check it out was discovered at the click to investigate same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.